POLLUTION ENGINEERINGS (M)
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	Domestic sewage treatment plant as an alternative to conventional rock filter in trickling filters, septic tanks and imhoff tanks. Also used to improve biochemical oxygen demand (B.O.D.) reduction efficiency in activated sludge treatment plant. The major features of the Biobola system are: Clog free Large specific surface area. Large void ratio for aerobic biomass growth Chemical and UV resistant material. Indefinite life span and rigid structure. Light in weight to save construction cost. Facilitate greater filter depth with uniform sewage distribution. Fit for all shapes of filter bed chamber. Save land through greater depth of filter chamber. Improved high B.O.D. reduction efficiency. Higher hydraulic loading rate with higher bio-growth. Good capability to take shock loading. Fact About Biobola Clog-free operation. The unique design of BIOBOLA allows only minimal contact with each other and are uniformly spaced from one another. The larger interstitial spaces within the BIOBOLA media will allow more growth of biomass without encountering the problem of clogging. In case of BIOBOLA media is overgrown with biomass, it is very easy to dislodge the biomass by first flooding the filter bed chamber with water followed by stirring of the BIOBOLA. The dislodged biomass can then be removed simply by pumping out the water containing them. The BIOBOLA will be floating when the filter bed chamber is flooded with water. BIOBOLA can be used over and over again, without having to replace them. Large specific surface area. The BIOBOLA is designed to provide both the external and internal walls to support the biomass growth. 10 small holes in each BIOBOLA facilitates the sewage access to the interior of the BIOBOLA from any direction. The 10 holes will also ensure complete drainage so that no sewage will remain inside the BIOBOLA thus preventing the undesirable septicity. 14 number of spikes over the entire ball surface are designed to further increase the surface area as well as ensuring a uniform and large interstitial spaces for better efficiency. Large void ratio for aerobic biomass growth. The BIOBOLA are all uniform in size. Hence, BIOBOLA can be packed evenly spaced within a given chamber.  The 14 number of spikes will ensure a large interstitial spaces among the media and the empty space within each BIOBOLA will further increase the void ratio. Large void ratio within the BIOBOLA media facilitates easy exchange of air to promote greater aerobic biomass growth as compared to the conventional rock filter. Made of chemical and UV resistant material. BIOBOLA are made out of polypropylene which is resistant to a wide range of chemicals and ultra violet light. Thus, the BIOBOLA can be exposed to sunlight Indefinite life span. The clog-free polypropylene BIOBOLA are structurally rigid and washable throughout its indefinite life span. Light weight. Polypropylene with a specific gravity of 0.903 is able to float on water.Due to its light weight, structural work for the filter bed chamber can be constructed with less reinforcement. Thus, there will be a saving in the construction cost of the filter bed. Maximum filter depth of 4 meters. The conventional rock filter can only have maximum depth of 1.2 meters. If the depth of rock filter is to be increased to 4 meters, then free exchange of air with the atmosphere cannot occur, which will then cause the filter to turn anaerobic. BIOBOLA has a large void ratio and light in weight. They can be packed up to a maximum depth of 4 meters. The reduction of the top surface area of the filter bed facilitates a better and more uniform distribution of sewage throughout the entire filter. Fit for all shape of filter bed chamber. The outermost diameter of each BIOBOLA is 100 mm. It is just like a round ball with 14 number of spikes on it. In view of its small size, the BIOBOLA can fit into any shape of chamber. It is very suitable to use BIOBOLA as biofilter for all sizes of sewage treatment plants. Save land. BIOBOLA can be filled to a depth of 4 meters. When coupled with its large specific surface area, the land area required for the compact BIOBOLA filter bed is at least 3 times smaller compared to the conventional rock filter bed. This will certainly result in the saving of land utilisation and also the cost of construction Proven high B.O.D. reduction efficiency. The trickling filter process is a proven system for decades. Trickling filter can be classified into low rate, medium rate, high rate and super high rate filters. Criteria for the classification depend on the organic loading rate (B.O.D.) and the hydraulic loading rate. BIOBOLA is classified as a medium-high rate trickling filter. Its recommended organic loading (B.O.D.) and hydraulic loading rates are 0.65 kg/m3/day and 1.2 - 1.5 m3/m2/hr respectively. The BIOBOLA can achieve B.O.D. reduction efficiency as high as 80 %. High hydraulic loading rate. The uniform round shape of the BIOBOLA allows the uniform self-distribution of sewage within the filter media. Furthermore, the large void ratio of the BIOBOLA allows higher biological growth. Hence, it is possible to have a high hydraulic load onto the BIOBOLA without reducing the B.O.D. reduction efficiency. Good capability to take shock loading. Like all other fixed growth filters, the BIOBOLA can take shock loading very well. The short contact time between the sewage and the BIOBOLA allows only a small portion of the biomass to be destroyed during the shock loading. The recovery period is greatly accelerated compared to the suspended growth system Specification   Material Polypropylene Material Specific Gravity 0.903 Specific Surface Area 65 m2/m3 Void Ratio >90 % Weight 82.2 kg/m3 Number of BIOBOLA per m3 2 135 pcs Recommended Technical Design Criteria B.O.D. loading factor 0.65 Number of BIOBOLA per p.e.* 125 Hydraulic loading rate 1.2 - 1.5 m3/m2/hr Maximum filter depth 4.0 m Minimum ventilation area 5 % of total enclosure Irrigation system Rotary sprinkler system